Review of species, host plants, and distribution of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Indonesia

Fruit flies are one of the most important pests in horticulture worldwide. As one of the mega biodiversity countries, Indonesia is home to a high biodiversity of insects, including fruit flies. The information on species, host plants, and distribution of fruit flies is crucial. Still, that kind of information in Indonesia is not easy to be found and is scattered in many forms of publications such as books, journals, research reports, etc. This review aimed to gather and analyze various information on fruit flies reported in all islands across Indonesia. The study was done by collecting data from various resources, analyzing the information, and interpreting the results. There are 280 fruit fly species consisting of 29 reported from all islands in Indonesia. Most of the fruit flies reported in Indonesia were polyphagous. As many as 145 species from 50 families of plants were reported as the hosts of fruit flies, and most (70) are horticultural plants. The highest number of species was recorded in Java, Sulawesi, and Sumatra islands. This review provides one-stop essential information on fruit flies in Indonesia, which is very useful for biologists, entomologists, as well as practitioners of plant protection.