Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities from a Sustainable Source of Okara Protein Hydrolysate Using Enzymatic Reaction

Ningrum, Andriati and Wardani, Dian Wahyu and Vanidia, Nurul and Manikharda, Manikharda and Sarifudin, Achmat and Kumalasari, Rima and Ekafitri, Riyanti and Kristanti, Dita and Setiaboma, Woro and Munawaroh, Heli Siti Helimatul (2023) Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities from a Sustainable Source of Okara Protein Hydrolysate Using Enzymatic Reaction. Molecules, 28 (13). pp. 1-17. ISSN 14203049

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Abstract

Okara is a solid byproduct created during the processing of soy milk. The production of protein hydrolysates utilizing enzymatic tests such as papain can result in the production of bioactive peptides (BPs), which are amino acid sequences that can also be produced from the okara protein by hydrolysis. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of okara hydrolysates using papain, based on the in silico and in vitro assays using the papain enzyme. We found that using the in silico assessment, the antioxidant peptides can be found from the precursor (glycinin and conglycinin) in okara. When used as a protease, papain provides the maximum degree of hydrolysis for antioxidative peptides. The highest-peptide-rank peptide sequence was predicted using peptide ranks such as proline–histidine–phenylalanine (PHF), alanine–aspartic acid–phenylalanine (ADF), tyrosine–tyrosine–leucine (YYL), proline–histidine–histidine (PHH), isoleucine–arginine (IR), and serine–valine–leucine (SVL). Molecular docking studies revealed that all peptides generated from the parent protein impeded substrate access to the active site of xanthine oxidase (XO). They have antioxidative properties and are employed in the in silico approach to the XO enzyme. We also use papain to evaluate the antioxidant activity by using in vitro tests for protein hydrolysate following proteolysis. The antioxidant properties of okara protein hydrolysates have been shown in vitro, utilizing DPPH and FRAP experiments. This study suggests that okara hydrolysates generated by papain can be employed as natural antioxidants in food and for further applications, such as active ingredients for antioxidants in packaging.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Cited by: 2; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access
Uncontrolled Keywords: antioxidant; in vitro; okara; papain; peptide; valorization
Subjects: Q Science > Q Science (General)
T Technology > TP Chemical technology > Food processing and manufacture
Divisions: Faculty of Agricultural Technology > Master Program in Food and Science Technology
Depositing User: Siti Marfungah Marfungah
Date Deposited: 20 Aug 2024 04:51
Last Modified: 20 Aug 2024 04:51
URI: https://ir.lib.ugm.ac.id/id/eprint/3268

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