Analysis of Aviation Turbulence Distribution Using ADS-B and Spatial Temperature Difference of Himawari-8 Images on Java Island, Indonesia

Aviation turbulence is a well-known meteorological hazard that can result in aviation mishaps. This study aims to identify the characteristics of aviation turbulence. Hence, we proposed a method to determine the turbulence from the altitude change data obtained from the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and spatial temperature difference (STD) of Band 13 Himawari-8 in this research. We employed these methods to investigate turbulence in the cruising phase in the flight route from Soekarno Hatta Airport Jakarta (CGK) to Juanda Airport Surabaya (SUB) and vice versa (VV) at Java Island, Indonesia, in July, and December 2019. The result indicates that in July, high-frequency vertical turbulence occurred at 31000 feet. While in December took place at a height of 33000 feet. Horizontally, the turbulence occurs in northern central Java Island. In July, non-convective turbulence was preeminent, whereas convective turbulence was prevalent in December. The dominant STD surrounding the turbulence event is between 0.4° and 0.5°. In the future, this technique will be used to monitor the distribution of turbulence in Indonesia.