The habitat preference of commercial tuna species based on a daily environmental database approach in the tropical region of the Eastern Indian Ocean off Java-Bali waters

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This paper explores the habitat characteristics of commercial tuna species based on daily oceanography parameters in the Eastern Indian Ocean Off Java-Bali Waters. Moreover, more research is needed combining the daily spatial distribution of oceanographic variables of surface and sub-surface data to analyse the habitat characteristics of large pelagic fish, including tuna species. In this study, we used five main daily oceanography parameters: sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface chlorophyll (CHLa), sea surface height (SSH), dissolved oxygen at 100m (DO100), the temperature at 100m (temp100) and the combination of the catch of yellowfin (YFT), albacore (ALT) and bigeye (BET) tuna that use long lines. To analyse the relationship between the environmental database and tuna catch, we utilized Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) from univariate variables until the combination of all variables. The result stated that all the variables influence the existence of all tuna species with P-values <0.001. Temperature is the most critical predictor variable, SST is the most vital predictor for BET and YFT tuna, and temp100 is the most critical for ALT. The second most essential variables were DO100 for BET, Temp 100 for YFT, and SSH for ALT. Moreover, BET and YFT prefer to stay at a lower temp100, and ALT tuna remains at a higher temp100. However, all of them avoid an SST higher than 29 °C. Further assessment of the long-term SST trend specific to tuna species is required to fully account for the effects of global warming on the oceans.