Metabolomic response of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum l.) against bacterial wilt (ralstonia solanacearum) using 1H-NMR spectroscopy

Ralstonia solanacearum is the pathogen responsible for wilting, yield losses, and death in tomato plants. The use of resistant cultivars has been proven as the most appropriate solution to controlling this pathogen. Therefore, further study of host-plant resistance mechanisms in tomatoes is urgently needed.1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis has been used to identify the biochemical compounds that play a crucial role in the defense mechanisms of tomato against bacterial wilt. Eleven metabolites consisting of amino acids, sugars and organic acids were identified and presented at different concentrations in each cultivar. Leucine and valine were determined as distinguishable metabolites of resistant and susceptible cultivars. Permata and Hawaii 7996 as resistant cultivars had a significant decrease of valine after inoculation about 1.5–2 times compared to the susceptible cultivar (GM2). Meanwhile, the resistant cultivars had a higher level of leucine, about 1.3–1.5 times compared to the susceptible ones. Synthesis of leucine and valine are linked as a member of the pyruvate family. Therefore, the decrease in valine may be related to the higher need for leucine to form the leucine-rich receptor, which plays a role in the plant’s immune system against the bacterial wilt.