Analysis of Pork in Beef Sausages Using LC-Orbitrap HRMS Untargeted Metabolomics Combined with Chemometrics for Halal Authentication Study

Windarsih, Anjar and Bakar, Nor Kartini Abu and Dachriyanus, Dachriyanus and Yuliana, Nancy Dewi and Riswanto, Florentinus Dika Octa and Rohman, Abdul (2023) Analysis of Pork in Beef Sausages Using LC-Orbitrap HRMS Untargeted Metabolomics Combined with Chemometrics for Halal Authentication Study. Molecules, 28 (16). ISSN 14203049

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Abstract

Beef sausage (BS) is one of the most favored meat products due to its nutrition and good taste. However, for economic purposes, BS is often adulterated with pork by unethical players. Pork consumption is strictly prohibited for religions including Islam and Judaism. Therefore, advanced detection methods are highly required to warrant the halal authenticity of BS. This research aimed to develop a liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) method to determine the halal authenticity of BS using an untargeted metabolomics approach. LC–HRMS was capable of detecting various metabolites in BS and BS containing pork. The presence of pork in BS could be differentiated using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy. PLS-DA perfectly classified authentic BS and BS containing pork in all concentration levels of pork with R2X = (0.821), R2Y(= 0.984), and Q2 = (0.795). The level of pork in BS was successfully predicted through partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) chemometrics. Both models gave high R2 (>0.99) actual and predicted values as well as few errors, indicating good accuracy and precision. Identification of discriminating metabolites’ potential as biomarker candidates through variable importance for projections (VIP) value revealed metabolites of 2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 3-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid, D-(+)-galactose, oleamide, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnitine, arachidonic acid, and α-eleostearic acid as good indicators to detect pork. It can be concluded that LC–HRMS metabolomics combined with PCA, PLS-DA, PLS, and OPLS was successfully used to detect pork adulteration in beef sausages. The results imply that LC–HRMS untargeted metabolomics in combination with chemometrics is a promising alternative as an analytical technique to detect pork in sausage products. Further analysis of larger samples is required to warrant the reproducibility. © 2023 by the authors.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Cited by: 4; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access
Uncontrolled Keywords: Animals; Cattle; Chemometrics; Meat Products; Metabolomics; Pork Meat; Red Meat; Reproducibility of Results; Swine; animal; bovine; chemometrics; meat; metabolomics; pig; pork; red meat; reproducibility
Subjects: R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions: Faculty of Pharmacy
Depositing User: Sri JUNANDI
Date Deposited: 30 Oct 2024 07:47
Last Modified: 30 Oct 2024 07:47
URI: https://ir.lib.ugm.ac.id/id/eprint/5999

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