Vernonia amygdalina Ethanol Extract Protects against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via TGFβ, Cytochrome c, and Apoptosis

Syahputra, R.A. and Harahap, U. and Harahap, Y. and Gani, A.P. and Dalimunthe, A. and Ahmed, A. and Zainalabidin, S. (2023) Vernonia amygdalina Ethanol Extract Protects against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via TGFβ, Cytochrome c, and Apoptosis. Molecules, 28 (11). pp. 1-14. ISSN 14203049

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Abstract

Doxorubicin (DOX) has been extensively utilized in cancer treatment. However, DOX administration has adverse effects, such as cardiac injury. This study intends to analyze the expression of TGF, cytochrome c, and apoptosis on the cardiac histology of rats induced with doxorubicin, since the prevalence of cardiotoxicity remains an unpreventable problem due to a lack of understanding of the mechanism underlying the cardiotoxicity result. Vernonia amygdalina ethanol extract (VAEE) was produced by soaking dried Vernonia amygdalina leaves in ethanol. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups: K- (only given doxorubicin 15 mg/kgbw), KN (water saline), P100, P200, P400, P4600, and P800 (DOX 15 mg/kgbw + 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kgbw extract); at the end of the study, rats were scarified, and blood was taken directly from the heart; the heart was then removed. TGF, cytochrome c, and apoptosis were stained using immunohistochemistry, whereas SOD, MDA, and GR concentration were evaluated using an ELISA kit. In conclusion, ethanol extract might protect the cardiotoxicity produced by doxorubicin by significantly reducing the expression of TGF, cytochrome c, and apoptosis in P600 and P800 compared to untreated control K- (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that Vernonia amygdalina may protect cardiac rats by reducing the apoptosis, TGF, and cytochrome c expression while not producing the doxorubicinol as doxorubicin metabolite. In the future, Vernonia amygdalina could be used as herbal preventive therapy for patient administered doxorubicin to reduce the incidence of cardiotoxicity. © 2023 by the authors.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: cited By 9
Uncontrolled Keywords: alcohol; cytochrome c; doxorubicin; plant extract; transforming growth factor beta, animal; apoptosis; cardiotoxicity; metabolism; oxidative stress; rat; Vernonia, Animals; Apoptosis; Cardiotoxicity; Cytochromes c; Doxorubicin; Ethanol; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Rats; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Vernonia
Subjects: R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions: Faculty of Pharmacy
Depositing User: Pujoko PUJOKO
Date Deposited: 19 Sep 2024 04:22
Last Modified: 19 Sep 2024 04:22
URI: https://ir.lib.ugm.ac.id/id/eprint/7109

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