Tensile properties of the FFF-processed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) has become one of the most popular, practical, and low-cost additive manufacturing techniques for fabricating geometrically complex thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer. However, there are still some uncertainties concerning the relationship between several operating parameters applied in this technique and the mechanical properties of the processed material. In this research, the influences of extruder temperature and raster orientation on the mechanical properties of the FFF-processed TPU elastomer were studied. A series of uniaxial tensile tests was carried out to determine tensile strength, strain, and elastic modulus of TPU elastomer that had been printed with various extruder temperatures, i.e., 190-230 degrees C, and raster angles, i.e., 0-90 degrees. Thermal and chemical characterizations were also conducted to support the analysis in this research. The results showed the ductile and elastic characteristics of the FFF-processed TPU, with specific tensile strength and strain that could reach up to 39 MPa and 600%, respectively. The failure mechanisms operating on the FFF-processed TPU and the result of stress analysis by using the developed Mohr's circle are also discussed in this paper. In conclusion, the extrusion temperature of 200 degrees C and raster angle of 0 degrees could be preferred to be applied in the FFF process to achieve high strength and ductile TPU elastomer.