GENETIC VARIABILITY AND RELATIONSHIP OF TEMU GLENYEH (<i>Curcuma soloensis</i> Val.) FROM JAVA, INDONESIA

Temu Glenyeh (Curcuma soloensis Val.) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. Although it is synonymous with Curcuma longa L., the two are different species. Given that the morphological characters of this herb overlap with those of other Curcuma species, distinguishing these species on the basis of morphological criteria is difficult. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variation and relationship of C. soloensis Val. on the basis of molecular characters by using intersimple sequence repeats (ISSRs). The samples consisted of 32 accessions and were obtained from 12 districts in Java Island. Ten ISSR primers were used in amplification. Molecular data were analyzed numerically in the form of binary data. The similarity indexes were obtained on the basis of the Jaccard coefficient by using the UPGMA method. Cluster and principal component analyses (PCA) were performed with the MVSP 3.1 program and UPGMA method. This investigation revealed that the 10 ISSR primers provided 37 ISSR bands comprising 28 polymorphic and nine monomorphic bands. Cluster analysis yielded two large groups, namely A (Curcuma zanthorrizha Roxb.) and B (C. soloensis Val. and Cucurma longa L.) with a coefficient of 0.566. C. zanthorrizha Roxb. (Temulawak) and C. longa L. (turmeric) belonged to the same genus as C. soloensis Val. The 0.70 phenon line showed that two accessions of C. longa L. (CL-1 and CL-3) clumped with all other accessions of C. soloensis Val. from Java. The PCA findings indicated that the characters that played the most prominent role in managing the grouping of C. soloensis Val. accessions were the primers SPS3 (515 and 425 bp), HB12 (207 bp), HB14 (351 bp), P3 (1083 and 651 bp), 811 (345), 817 (502 and 402 bp), and 824 (371 bp).