Murwanti, Retno and Nurrochmad, A. and Gani, Andayana P. and Sasmito, Ediati and Edwina, Angela E. and Chandra, Mayang K. and Suryawan, F.H. and Wardana, A.R. and Natalia, Natalia and Budiningsih, Jelita L. S. R. (2023) Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Herbal Formulation: Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav., Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, and Phyllanthus niruri L. in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Journal of Toxicology, 2023. pp. 1-11. ISSN 16878191
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Abstract
Background. The product combination of Piper crocatum Ruiz. and Pav., Phyllanthus niruri Linn., and Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) BL ethanolic extract (SKM) exerts immunomodulatory activity. However, the toxicity profile of the combination has never been investigated. Objective. This study aimed to establish the acute toxicity profile of the SKM product on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and its subchronic toxicity profile on female SD rats. Method. The acute and subchronic toxicity tests were conducted in accordance with OECD 423 and OECD 408, respectively. Result. The SKM product was safe up to 5000 mg/kg b.w. in male and female SD rats. In repeated doses of SKM for 90 days, the administration of 22.5, 45, and 90 mg/kg b.w. per day of the SKM product to female SD rats did not affect clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, hematological parameters, clinical chemical parameters, urinalysis, relative organ weights, and gross pathological and histopathological features compared with the control group. Conclusion. Analyses of these results suggest that the long-term oral administration of the SKM product for 90 days does not cause subchronic toxicity. © 2023 Retno Murwanti et al.
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | Cited by: 3; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | acute toxicity; adult; animal experiment; animal model; Article; body weight; chemical parameters; controlled study; female; fluid intake; hematological parameters; histopathology; male; nonhuman; oral drug administration; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; Phyllanthus niruri; rat; relative organ weight; Sprague Dawley rat; toxicity testing; Typhonium; urinalysis |
Subjects: | R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica |
Divisions: | Faculty of Pharmacy |
Depositing User: | Muh Aly Mubarok |
Date Deposited: | 28 Oct 2024 04:17 |
Last Modified: | 28 Oct 2024 04:17 |
URI: | https://ir.lib.ugm.ac.id/id/eprint/9992 |